Winter Sports

NCAA Alpine Skiing is the collegiate variant of alpine skiing contested by NCAA Division I, II, and III institutions in the winter semester. NCAA Skiing combines Alpine Skiing (slalom + giant slalom only — speed events not contested at NCAA level due to course/safety constraints) and Nordic Skiin...

Alpine skiing is one of the flagship winter Olympic disciplines, first contested at the 1936 Garmisch-Partenkirchen Winter Games where only a combined event was held. The sport has since expanded into five individual Olympic events and a team event. Competitors race down snow-covered mountain cou...

Biathlon combines cross-country skiing and precision rifle marksmanship into a single gruelling competition. The sport has been on the Olympic programme since 1960 (men) and 1992 (women). It is governed by the International Biathlon Union (IBU) under the IBU Event and Competition Rules (ECR). The...

Bobsled (also known as bobsleigh) is governed by the International Bobsled and Skeleton Federation (IBSF), founded in 1923 and headquartered in Lausanne, Switzerland. The sport operates under the IBSF International Rules, updated annually. The IBSF also governs skeleton, making it the authority f...

Cross-country skiing is one of the founding Olympic winter sports, contested at every Winter Games since Chamonix 1924. Governed by the International Ski and Snowboard Federation (FIS) under ICR Book II — Cross-Country Skiing, the discipline demands exceptional aerobic endurance and technical mas...

Curling is a precision team sport played on a rectangular sheet of prepared ice, in which two teams take turns sliding polished granite stones towards a circular target known as the house. Originating in medieval Scotland during the 16th century, the earliest recorded curling match dates to 1541 ...

Figure skating is one of the oldest Winter Olympic sports, first appearing at the 1908 London Summer Olympics before the Winter Games existed. It became a permanent fixture of the Winter Olympic program from the inaugural 1924 Chamonix Games. The sport combines athletic prowess with artistic expr...

Freestyle skiing encompasses multiple acrobatic ski disciplines governed by FIS (International Ski and Snowboard Federation) under ICR Book V — Freestyle Skiing. The sport originated in the 1960s as "hotdogging" — exhibition skiing combining mogul runs, ballet, and aerials. It gained Olympic reco...

Ice hockey has been an Olympic sport since 1920 (men's, at the Antwerp Summer Olympics) and has featured at every Winter Games since 1924. Women's ice hockey was added at the 1998 Nagano Games. The International Ice Hockey Federation (IIHF), founded in 1908 and headquartered in Zurich, governs in...

NCAA Ice Hockey is the collegiate variant of ice hockey contested by NCAA Division I, II, and III institutions across both men's and women's brackets in the winter season. NCAA Ice Hockey uses the IIHF rule baseline with NCAA-specific modifications around overtime format, video review, goaltender...

Luge is governed by the Fédération Internationale de Luge de Course (FIL), founded in 1957 and headquartered in Berchtesgaden, Germany. The sport operates under the FIL International Luge Regulations (ILR), updated before each competition season. With over 50 member nations, the FIL oversees arti...

Nordic combined has been part of the Olympic program since the inaugural Winter Games at Chamonix in 1924, making it one of the oldest winter Olympic disciplines. Governed by FIS under ICR Book III (Ski Jumping) and Book II (Cross-Country Skiing) with combined-specific regulations in the Nordic C...

Short track speed skating became a full Olympic medal sport at the 1992 Albertville Games, having appeared as a demonstration event in 1988 Calgary. The sport is governed by the International Skating Union (ISU) under the ISU Special Regulations Short Track Speed Skating. Unlike long track speed ...

Skeleton is a head-first, prone-position sliding sport in which athletes race individually down an ice track on a small sled, reaching speeds exceeding 140 km/h (87 mph) and experiencing G-forces up to 5G in curves. Governed by the International Bobsleigh and Skeleton Federation (IBSF) under the ...

Ski jumping is one of the original Winter Olympic disciplines, contested at every Winter Games since the inaugural 1924 Chamonix Olympics (men). Women's ski jumping was added at the 2014 Sochi Games after decades of campaigning. The sport is governed by the International Ski and Snowboard Federat...

Snowboarding debuted as an Olympic sport at the 1998 Nagano Winter Games with Giant Slalom and Halfpipe events. Governed by FIS (International Ski and Snowboard Federation) under ICR Book VI — Snowboard, the sport has expanded steadily in the Olympic programme. Snowboard Cross was added in 2006 (...

Long track speed skating has been an Olympic discipline since the inaugural 1924 Chamonix Winter Games (men's events) and since 1960 Squaw Valley (women's events). The sport is governed by the International Skating Union (ISU) under the ISU Special Regulations Speed Skating and ISU General Regula...