🏛️Official — IBU
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Recorded May 13, 2026
Foundational federation milestone — the International Biathlon Union was constituted on 2 July 1993 in London as a split from the Union Internationale de Pentathlon Moderne et Biathlon (UIPMB), giving biathlon its own independent international federation separate from modern pentathlon. Every modern IBU rule on biathlon contest format (individual, sprint, pursuit, mass start, relay, mixed relay), target shooting (50m rifles, 4.5cm/11.5cm targets), penalty loops, anti-doping, and Olympic eligibility descends from the rule-making mandate established at this 1993 London founding.
Recorded May 10, 2026
Federation governance-legitimacy milestone. In August 1998, the International Olympic Committee formally recognized the IBU as an international Olympic winter sport federation — five years after the IBU's 1993 London founding. The 1998 IOC recognition triggered the IBU's adoption of the WADA anti-doping code and gave the federation formal standing in the Olympic Winter Games rule-making process. From 1998 onward, every IBU rule on Olympic biathlon competition (Nagano 1998 onward) operated under the IOC-recognized federation framework. The five-year gap between IBU's 1993 founding and the 1998 IOC recognition is unusual; it reflects the IOC's caution about post-split federations whose authority over the sport had to be re-established independent of the predecessor body (UIPMB).
Recorded May 10, 2026
Most consequential modern IBU competition-format addition. From 2014 onward, biathlon's IBU-sanctioned discipline count expanded to six with the inclusion of the Mixed Relay — a four-leg event alternating women and men athletes (two of each), each completing shooting bouts and ski laps in the IBU's standard format. The Mixed Relay debuted on the IBU World Cup calendar in 2014 and was added to the Olympic biathlon program for Sochi 2014, joining the men's individual / sprint / pursuit / mass start / relay and women's equivalents in the federation's competitive offering. Every IBU calendar since 2014 has included Mixed Relay events.
Recorded May 10, 2026
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Recorded Mar 22, 2026
3.3 Penalty Loop and Stadium
May 23, 20263.2 Cross-Country Course
May 23, 20262.4 Carrying Harness and Shooting Mat
May 23, 20268.3 Ammunition Handling
May 23, 20268.2 Course Safety
May 23, 20268.1 Range Safety Protocols
May 23, 2026Section 8: Safety Considerations
May 23, 20267.3 Disciplinary Cards
May 23, 20267.2 Competition Violations
May 23, 20267.1 Range Safety Violations
May 23, 2026Section 7: Violations & Penalties
May 23, 20265.4 Mass Start (15 km Men / 12.5 km Women)
May 23, 20264.3 Start Procedures
May 23, 20264.2 Competition Jury and Officials
May 23, 20264.1 Competitors
May 23, 2026Section 4: Players & Officials
May 23, 20263.1 Shooting Range
May 23, 2026Section 3: Playing Area
May 23, 20262.3 Skis and Poles
May 23, 20262.2 Ammunition
May 23, 20262.1 Biathlon Rifle
May 23, 2026Section 2: Equipment
May 23, 20265.6 Mixed Relay
May 23, 20266.5 World Cup Points
May 23, 2026Section 6: Scoring
Mar 22, 2026Section 5: Rules of Play
Mar 22, 2026