NCAA

Ball: spherical, leather/synthetic, 65-67 cm circumference, 260-280 g, FIVB/Molten approved; Net: 2.43 m height (men's standard, vs 2.24 m women's), 1m × 9.5-10 m; Antennas marking the legal crossing zone

Court: 18 m × 9 m, divided by center line into 9 m × 9 m halves; Attack line: 3 m from center line on each side; Service zone: behind end line, full court width

6 players on court per team; roster 12-18 D1; one or two designated liberos; Libero: defensive specialist, contrasting jersey, plays only back row, may replace any back-row player without counting against substitution limit; Substitutions: up to 15 per set (NCAA framework); substituted players ma...

Best of 5 sets; Sets 1-4: rally scoring to 25 points, must win by 2 (no upper cap); Set 5 (decider): rally scoring to 15 points, must win by 2

Rally scoring: point on every rally regardless of who served; Sets 1-4 to 25 (win by 2); set 5 to 15 (win by 2); match won by first to 3 sets; Per-quarter team-foul reset framework matches NCAA W's Volleyball

Faults causing loss of rally: ball out, four contacts, double contact (controlled), catch/throw, hand-setting violation, net touch, antenna contact, crossing centerline interfering with opponent, foot fault on serve, illegal server (out of rotation); Misconduct: warning, penalty (yellow card), ex...

Concussion protocol: removal + graduated return-to-play assessment. Court surface and post padding inspected pre-match.