What are protests and appeals in Canoeing?

Section 7: Violations & Penalties

False start: Warning on first offense. Exclusion on second offense (by any crew after the general warning).
Lane violation: Boat enters another crew's lane. If interference occurred, the offending crew is disqualified. If no interference, a warning is issued.
Interference: Creating wake or physical contact that impedes another crew. Penalty ranges from a warning to disqualification.
Illegal equipment: Boat exceeds maximum length or falls below minimum weight. Result is disqualified and all results from the competition voided.
Unsportsmanlike conduct: Warning, exclusion from event, or suspension depending on severity

Gate touch: +2 seconds. Assessed when the body, boat, or paddle contacts one or both gate poles while negotiating the gate. Only one penalty per gate.
Missed gate: +50 seconds. Gate not negotiated (paddler does not pass head between poles in correct direction). This is typically a run-ending penalty in terms of competitiveness.
Incorrect negotiation: +50 seconds. Gate negotiated in the wrong direction (e.g., going downstream through an upstream gate, or entering from the wrong side).
Intentional gate displacement: +50 seconds. Deliberately pushing a gate pole to create a wider opening.
Capsizing without recovery: Run continues only if the paddler successfully rolls. Exiting the boat = did not finish (DNF).

Deliberate obstruction: Intentionally blocking, holding, or impeding another athlete's forward progress. Penalty: disqualification from the heat.
Grabbing: Grabbing another athlete's boat, paddle, body, or equipment. Penalty: disqualification.
Missing the roll gate: Failure to perform the mandatory Eskimo roll at the designated section. Penalty: 50-second time addition or disqualification (depending on the specific rules in effect).
False start: Launching from the ramp before the start signal. Penalty: disqualification from the heat.

Sprint protests must be filed within 15 minutes of the official results being posted
Slalom protests must be filed within 5 minutes of the run being completed, accompanied by a protest fee
Video review is the primary tool for resolving gate judgment disputes in slalom
The Chief Judge or Competition Committee makes the final decision. Further appeal to the ICF is possible for violations of the rules themselves (not judgement calls).

False start: Warning on first offense. Exclusion on second offense (by any crew after the general warning).
Lane violation: Boat enters another crew's lane. If interference occurred, the offending crew is disqualified. If no interference, a warning is issued.
Interference: Creating wake or physical contact that impedes another crew. Penalty ranges from a warning to disqualification.
Illegal equipment: Boat exceeds maximum length or falls below minimum weight. Result is disqualified and all results from the competition voided.
Unsportsmanlike conduct: Warning, exclusion from event, or suspension depending on severity

Gate touch: +2 seconds. Assessed when the body, boat, or paddle contacts one or both gate poles while negotiating the gate. Only one penalty per gate.
Missed gate: +50 seconds. Gate not negotiated (paddler does not pass head between poles in correct direction). This is typically a run-ending penalty in terms of competitiveness.
Incorrect negotiation: +50 seconds. Gate negotiated in the wrong direction (e.g., going downstream through an upstream gate, or entering from the wrong side).
Intentional gate displacement: +50 seconds. Deliberately pushing a gate pole to create a wider opening.
Capsizing without recovery: Run continues only if the paddler successfully rolls. Exiting the boat = did not finish (DNF).

Deliberate obstruction: Intentionally blocking, holding, or impeding another athlete's forward progress. Penalty: disqualification from the heat.
Grabbing: Grabbing another athlete's boat, paddle, body, or equipment. Penalty: disqualification.
Missing the roll gate: Failure to perform the mandatory Eskimo roll at the designated section. Penalty: 50-second time addition or disqualification (depending on the specific rules in effect).
False start: Launching from the ramp before the start signal. Penalty: disqualification from the heat.

Sprint protests must be filed within 15 minutes of the official results being posted
Slalom protests must be filed within 5 minutes of the run being completed, accompanied by a protest fee
Video review is the primary tool for resolving gate judgment disputes in slalom
The Chief Judge or Competition Committee makes the final decision. Further appeal to the ICF is possible for violations of the rules themselves (not judgement calls).