USA Ultimate

Disc is advanced only by passing — no running with the disc; Receiver must establish a pivot foot upon catching (basketball-style); 10-second "stall count" by the defender (marker) — thrower must release disc before count reaches 10

Score when a receiver catches the disc in the opposing end zone with full possession + in-bounds

Disc: 175-gram flying disc; USAU-approved manufacturers (Discraft Ultra-Star is standard); Cleats: rubber/molded only (no metal); Jerseys: numbered, contrasting colors per team

Field: 70 yards (64 m) × 40 yards (37 m) playing field, plus two 20-yard (18 m) end zones; Total: 110 yards × 40 yards; Marked sidelines and end-zone lines

7 players per side on the field (standard outdoor format); Roster: typically 14-25 per team; unlimited substitutions between points; Self-officiated at most levels: players call own fouls, infractions, and out-of-bounds; disputes resolved by discussion + re-do

"Pull": defensive team throws disc to offensive team to start each point (like a kickoff); After scoring, scoring team pulls next; Disc is advanced only by passing — no running with the disc

1 point per score (in-bounds catch in opposing end zone); Game-to-15 standard for outdoor 7-on-7 (cap at 19, win by 2 if reached); Hard cap (time): typically 90 minutes total game-time; soft cap notifies of approaching end

Foul: any non-incidental contact between players; called by the affected player → "contest" or "no contest"; if contested, disc returns to thrower; Travel: moving the pivot foot after catching; disc returns to thrower; Pick: defender obstructed; defender call → play stops + resume at point of obs...

Ultimate is non-contact by design — incidental contact happens but intentional contact is penalized. Common injuries: ankle sprains (sudden cuts), hamstring strains (sprinting), shoulder/wrist (diving layouts).

All players responsible for fair play, knowledge of rules, mutual respect; Even at elite level, players make their own foul/contest calls; "Contest" → re-do throw; "no contest" → call stands