What are tournament referees in Spikeball (Roundnet)?

Section 4: Players & Officials

Standard format: 2 players per team (2v2), for a total of 4 players
Casual variations: 1v1 (singles) and 3v3 formats are popular in recreational settings but are not used in official tournament play
Mixed teams: Teams may be composed of any combination of players regardless of gender

Serving team: The server stands at least 6 feet (1.8 meters) from the net. The server's teammate may stand anywhere
Receiving team: The designated receiver stands across the net from the server, at any distance. The receiver's teammate may stand anywhere but must not interfere with the serve
After the serve: Once the ball is in play, all four players may move freely in any direction around the net. There are no fixed positions or zones

Alternating servers: The serving team must alternate which player serves with each new service possession
Receiving rotation: At the start of each new service possession, the receiving team may choose which player receives the serve
Tracking rotation: In casual play, players should verbally confirm whose turn it is to serve to avoid confusion

Casual play: Substitutions may be made freely between points or games by mutual agreement
Tournament play: Substitution rules vary by tournament. Some events allow one substitute per match; others do not allow substitutions after a match has begun

Role: In competitive tournaments, referees observe play and make calls on disputed points, faults, and rule violations
Positioning: Referees typically stand several feet from the net with a clear sightline to the net surface and all players
Authority: The referee's call is final on all disputed points. Players may request clarification but may not argue or delay play
Self-officiation: In recreational and many tournament pool-play settings, teams self-officiate using an honor system. Disputed points are typically replayed

Players are expected to call their own faults honestly (double hits, carries, rim shots)
If players on opposing teams disagree on a call, the point is replayed
Excessive arguing, taunting, or unsportsmanlike behavior may result in a point penalty or disqualification in tournament play

Standard format: 2 players per team (2v2), for a total of 4 players
Casual variations: 1v1 (singles) and 3v3 formats are popular in recreational settings but are not used in official tournament play
Mixed teams: Teams may be composed of any combination of players regardless of gender

Serving team: The server stands at least 6 feet (1.8 meters) from the net. The server's teammate may stand anywhere
Receiving team: The designated receiver stands across the net from the server, at any distance. The receiver's teammate may stand anywhere but must not interfere with the serve
After the serve: Once the ball is in play, all four players may move freely in any direction around the net. There are no fixed positions or zones

Alternating servers: The serving team must alternate which player serves with each new service possession
Receiving rotation: At the start of each new service possession, the receiving team may choose which player receives the serve
Tracking rotation: In casual play, players should verbally confirm whose turn it is to serve to avoid confusion

Casual play: Substitutions may be made freely between points or games by mutual agreement
Tournament play: Substitution rules vary by tournament. Some events allow one substitute per match; others do not allow substitutions after a match has begun

Role: In competitive tournaments, referees observe play and make calls on disputed points, faults, and rule violations
Positioning: Referees typically stand several feet from the net with a clear sightline to the net surface and all players
Authority: The referee's call is final on all disputed points. Players may request clarification but may not argue or delay play
Self-officiation: In recreational and many tournament pool-play settings, teams self-officiate using an honor system. Disputed points are typically replayed

Players are expected to call their own faults honestly (double hits, carries, rim shots)
If players on opposing teams disagree on a call, the point is replayed
Excessive arguing, taunting, or unsportsmanlike behavior may result in a point penalty or disqualification in tournament play