What are the violations & penalties in Nordic Combined?

Section 7: Violations & Penalties

Equipment non-compliance: Suit thickness, air permeability, ski length, or boot height outside FIS limits — DSQ from the entire competition (both phases)
BMI manipulation: If an athlete’s BMI is found to be artificially altered (e.g., wearing weights), DSQ and potential FIS disciplinary action
Improper landing: Two-footed, hand-touch, or fall landings incur style deductions but are not violations per se; falls may trigger safety holds
False start: Leaving the start gate before the signal; athlete must return and restart (time penalty may apply if delay affects wind conditions)

Obstruction: Deliberate blocking of an overtaking athlete — time penalty or DSQ depending on severity and whether it influenced the final result
Unauthorized assistance: Receiving pushing, pacing, or physical aid from team personnel or spectators — DSQ
Course cutting: Deviating from the marked course to gain an advantage — DSQ
Fluorocarbon wax detection: DSQ from the competition, confiscation of skis, potential further sanctions

Unsportsmanlike conduct in either phase: warning, time penalty, or DSQ at the jury’s discretion
Missing mandatory equipment control checks: athlete may not start the respective phase
Late arrival at the start: in jumping, the athlete forfeits their jump; in cross-country, the athlete starts at their designated time regardless
Doping violations: handled per WADA code; immediate provisional suspension and results invalidation

Equipment non-compliance: Suit thickness, air permeability, ski length, or boot height outside FIS limits — DSQ from the entire competition (both phases)
BMI manipulation: If an athlete’s BMI is found to be artificially altered (e.g., wearing weights), DSQ and potential FIS disciplinary action
Improper landing: Two-footed, hand-touch, or fall landings incur style deductions but are not violations per se; falls may trigger safety holds
False start: Leaving the start gate before the signal; athlete must return and restart (time penalty may apply if delay affects wind conditions)

Obstruction: Deliberate blocking of an overtaking athlete — time penalty or DSQ depending on severity and whether it influenced the final result
Unauthorized assistance: Receiving pushing, pacing, or physical aid from team personnel or spectators — DSQ
Course cutting: Deviating from the marked course to gain an advantage — DSQ
Fluorocarbon wax detection: DSQ from the competition, confiscation of skis, potential further sanctions

Unsportsmanlike conduct in either phase: warning, time penalty, or DSQ at the jury’s discretion
Missing mandatory equipment control checks: athlete may not start the respective phase
Late arrival at the start: in jumping, the athlete forfeits their jump; in cross-country, the athlete starts at their designated time regardless
Doping violations: handled per WADA code; immediate provisional suspension and results invalidation