Slow over-rate: fielding side penalized 5 runs to opponent per missed over; captain banned if persistent; Ball tampering: 5-run penalty to opponent + match-suspension fine for offender; Dissent / unsportsmanlike: match referee may issue suspension or match-fee deduction
Why people argue about this
People often assume that missing overs is just about losing runs for their team, so they argue why a captain shouldn't be penalized at all – but actually, the confusion arises because the fielding side gets penalized 5 runs per missed over to discourage captains from skipping overs entirely, which could give them an unfair advantage.
