Section 2: Equipment
Technical specifications for the MotoGP class are defined in the MotoGP Technical Regulations, which form a schedule to the FIM MWGP Regulations. The following specifications apply to the MotoGP premier class for the 2025 season.
2.1 Engine Specifications
Per Article 2 of the MotoGP Technical Regulations:
- Engine type: 4-stroke internal combustion, naturally aspirated (no turbocharging or supercharging permitted).
- Maximum displacement: 1000cc.
- Maximum number of cylinders: 4.
- Maximum bore: 81mm (Article 2.1.1). Stroke is unrestricted within the bore and displacement limits.
- Valve actuation: pneumatic valve return systems are permitted.
- Engine configuration (inline, V, etc.) is unrestricted provided other rules are met.
- Fuel: commercial unleaded pump fuel conforming to the FIM Fuel Regulations. Fuel must be supplied by the official fuel provider (Petronas Lubricants International in 2025). Maximum RON 102 (Article 4.1).
- Maximum fuel tank capacity: 22 litres (Article 3.6).
2.2 Minimum Weight
The minimum weight of the motorcycle at any time during the event (without fuel, with all other fluids) is 157 kg (Article 3.1). If a motorcycle is found below minimum weight after a race, the rider may be excluded from the results.
2.3 Engine Allocation (Concession System)
To control costs, each MotoGP rider is allocated a fixed number of engines per season (Article 5):
- Standard allocation (Factory/Satellite teams): 7 engines per rider per season.
- Concession manufacturers: manufacturers designated as "Open" or "Concession" status may receive a higher engine allocation (up to 12 engines), softer tyre allocations, and additional wild card entries, subject to the current Concession criteria set by the Grand Prix Commission.
- Each engine is sealed and assigned a unique identification number by the Technical Director at first use.
- Use of an additional engine beyond the allocated number results in a 3-place grid penalty per extra engine used.
2.4 Electronics — Spec ECU
All MotoGP machines must use the standardised ECU (Electronic Control Unit) hardware supplied by the official electronics provider (currently Magneti Marelli/Prometeia). Teams supply their own software within permitted parameters. The following rider-aids are subject to unified software regulation (Article 6):
- Engine braking control (EBC)
- Traction control (TC)
- Anti-wheelie (AW)
- Launch control (LC)
- Pit lane speed limiter (mandatory functionality)
- Seamless-shift gearboxes (up and down) are permitted.
- Holeshot devices and ride-height devices: permitted, subject to Technical Regulation Article 3.9 governing aerodynamic moveable devices. Devices that actively adjust aerodynamics while the motorcycle is in motion (other than permitted ride-height devices) are prohibited.
2.5 Tyres
Michelin is the sole official tyre supplier for the MotoGP class (appointed by the Grand Prix Commission effective 2016). Tyre specifications, allocation quantities, and compound selections for each event are determined by Michelin in consultation with Race Direction. Riders may not use tyres other than those officially supplied and approved for the relevant event (Article 7.1). Tyre warmers are permitted in the MotoGP class.
2.6 Rider Equipment
All rider equipment must meet or exceed FIM homologation standards (Article 8):
- Helmet: Must carry a valid FIM homologation label. Acceptable standards include ECE 22.06 (most recent edition), SNELL M2020, or equivalent FIM-approved standard.
- Suit: Full leather (or FIM-approved alternative) one- or two-piece race suit with mandatory back protector, shoulder, elbow, knee, and hip protectors. Must be FIM-homologated.
- Airbag system: A rider-wearable airbag vest or integrated suit airbag system is mandatory for all MotoGP, Moto2, and Moto3 riders (mandatory requirement introduced progressively; fully mandatory from 2018 for MotoGP). Must be FIM-homologated.
- Gloves: Racing gloves with knuckle protection; FIM-homologated.
- Boots: Racing boots providing ankle and shin protection; FIM-homologated.