Terrorists: Plant and detonate the bomb, OR eliminate all CTs; Counter-Terrorists: Defuse a planted bomb, eliminate all Ts, OR let the round timer expire
Why people argue about this
People often assume that defusing the bomb is only a win for Counter-Terrorists if they haven't eliminated all Terrorists by then, which leads them to argue that Terrorists should still lose when their bomb timer runs out without planting it. Actually, the official rule clearly states that Counter-Terrorists win in this scenario.